However, be aware that when the Selective Suspend feature is disabled, all USB host controller drivers (and therefore all USB ports and connected USB devices) in the system are affected. Therefore, your computer cannot suspend any USB devices that are connected to it, and the USB devices can continue to use power while connected to the computer.
- Installing the Cisco Microsoft Windows USB Device Driver. The first time a Microsoft Windows based PC is connected to the router, a USB driver must be installed. Installing the Cisco Microsoft Windows XP USB Driver. This procedure shows how to install the Microsoft Windows XP USB driver.
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This topic summarizes the new features and improvements for Universal Serial Bus (USB) client drivers in Windows 8.
For information about new features in USB in general, see New for USB Drivers.
New Driver Stack for USB 3.0 Devices
Windows 8 provides a new USB driver stack to support USB 3.0 devices. The new stack includes drivers that are loaded by Windows when a USB 3.0 device is attached to an xHCI host controller. The new drivers are based on Kernel Mode Driver Framework (KMDF) and implement features defined in the USB 3.0 specification. The new drivers are as follows:
- Usbxhci.sys
- Ucx01000.sys
- Usbhub3.sys
The new driver stack maintains compatibility with the existing client drivers that were built and tested on earlier versions of the Windows operating system.
To see an architectural block diagram of the USB driver stack and a brief description of the new drivers, see USB 3.0 Driver Stack Architecture.
Features Supported by the New Stack
The USB driver stack for USB 3.0 devices supports many new features. Some of features are configurable by the client driver. Those features are as follows:
Static streams for bulk endpoints.
Streams provide the client driver with the ability to perform multiple data transfers to a single bulk endpoint. The Windows Driver Kit (WDK) for Windows 8 provides new device driver interfaces (DDIs) that allow a client driver to can open up to 255 streams in a bulk endpoint. After streams have been opened, the client driver can perform data transfers to and from specific streams. For more information, see How to Open and Close Static Streams in a USB Bulk Endpoint.
Chained MDLs
A client driver can specify the payload in a chain of MDLs instead of a contiguous buffer. This allows the transfer buffer to be segmented in physical memory hence removing restrictions on the number, size, and alignment of buffers. Using chained MDLs can boost performance during data transfers because it avoids double buffering. For more information, see How to Send Chained MDL.
Function suspend and remote wake-up for composite devices.
The feature enables a function of a composite device to enter and exit a low-power state, independently of other functions. The function driver can also request a device-initiated remote wake-up. Such a request must be handled by the parent driver of the composite device. The Microsoft-provided parent driver (Usbccgp.sys) supports function suspend and remote wake-up features. The WDK for Windows 8 provides DDIs that allow replacement parent drivers to implement those features. For more information, see How to Implement Function Suspend in a Composite Driver.
Client contract version for USB client drivers
A client contract version identifies a set of rules that the client driver when sending requests to the USB driver stack. Failure to do so might result in an unexpected behavior. For information about those rules, see Best Practices: Using URBs.
A client driver that intends to use the capabilities of the USB driver stack for 3.0 devices, must identify itself with the client contract version of USBD_CLIENT_CONTRACT_VERSION_602. Such a client driver is required to register with the USB driver stack. After registration, the client driver must query the underlying USB driver stack to determine whether the stack supports the required capability. To facilitate those operations, the following KMDF-specific methods and WDM routines have been included in the WDK for Windows 8:
| Use case | A KMDF-based driver should ... | A WDM driver must ... |
|---|---|---|
| To specify a client contract version and with the USB driver stack | Call the WdfUsbTargetDeviceCreateWithParameters method. | Call the USBD_CreateHandle routine. |
| To query for a particular capability | Call WdfUsbTargetDeviceQueryUsbCapability and specify the GUID of the capability to query. | Call USBD_QueryUsbCapability and specify the GUID of the capability to query. |
New Routines for Allocating and Building URBs
Windows 8 provides new routines for allocating, formatting, and releasing URBs. The URB structure is allocated by the USB driver stack. If the underlying stack is the new USB driver stack, the URB is paired with an opaque URB context. The USB driver stack uses the URB context to improve URB tracking and processing. For more information about the routines, see Allocating and Building URBs.
The new routines are as follows:
- USBD_AssignUrbToIoStackLocation routine to associate an URB with an IRP. This routine only applies to WDM client drivers.
In addition to the routines in the preceding list, there are new KMDF-specific methods for URB allocation. For KMDF-based client drivers, we recommend that you call,
- The WdfUsbTargetDeviceCreateUrb method (instead of USBD_UrbAllocate) to allocate an URB.
- The WdfUsbTargetDeviceCreateIsochUrb method (instead of USBD_IsochUrbAllocate)to allocate an URB for an isochronous transfer. Those calls allocate a variable-sized URB that is based on the number of isochronous packets required for the transfer. For more information about isochronous transfers, see How to Transfer Data to USB Isochronous Endpoints.
New User Mode I/O Control Requests for USB 3.0 Hubs
Windows 8 provides the new IOCTLs that applications can use to retrieve information about USB 3.0 hubs and their ports. The new IOCTLs are as follows:
By sending the preceding I/O requests to the USB driver stack an application retrieve the following set of information:
- Hub descriptors
- Properties of all ports and companion ports
- Operating speed of a device that is attached to a port
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New Compatible ID for WinUSB
Device manufacturers can add 'WINUSB' in the firmware (Microsoft OS feature descriptor) so that Windows recognizes the device as a WinUSB device. In Windows 8, Winusb.inf has been modified to include USBMS_COMP_WINUSB as a device identifier string. That modification enables Windows to automatically load Winusb.sys, as the function driver for the device, as soon as the device is detected. For more information, see WinUSB Device.
New Visual Studio templates for USB client drivers (*New for Beta)
Microsoft Visual Studio 2012 includes USB User-Mode Driver and USB Kernel-Mode Driver templates that generate starter code for a UMDF and KMDF USB client driver, respectively. The template code initializes the USB target device object to enable communication with the hardware. For more information, see the following topics:
For more information, see Getting started with USB client driver development. Extend your driver by performing Common tasks for USB client drivers.
For information about how to implement UMDF and KMDF drivers, see the Microsoft Press book Developing Drivers with the Windows Driver Foundation.
UASP driver
Windows 8 includes a new USB storage driver that implements the USB Attached SCSI Protocol (UASP). The new driver uses static streams for bulk endpoints, as per the official USB 3.0 specification.
Boot support
The Windows to Go feature allows Windows to boot from a flash drive or an external drive. You can boot with your copy of Windows from those drives on various machines.
Enhanced debugging and diagnostic capabilities
Windows 8 provides new USB 3.0 debugging tools to improve diagnosing USB issues faster. There are new USB 3.0 kernel debugger extensions that examine USB 3.0 host controller and device states. You can use USB WPP and event tracing to analyze USB interactions and troubleshoot USB device issues more easily. Windows 8 supports debugging over USB 3.0. For more information, see Setting Up a USB 3.0 Connection Manually.
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New USB-specific failure messages in Device Manager
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At times, Windows can fail to enumerate an attached USB device. Typically, enumeration failures occur when requests sent to the USB device fail or the device returns incorrect descriptors.
In Windows 8, when such failures occur, the General tab in Device Manager displays a USB-specific error message that indicates the reason for failure.
The error strings are as follows:
- A request for the USB device descriptor failed.
- The USB set address request failed.
- A USB port reset request failed.
- A previous instance of the USB device was not removed.
- The USB device returned an invalid USB configuration descriptor.
- The USB device returned an invalid USB device descriptor.
- Unable to access the registry.
- A request for the USB configuration descriptor failed.
- A request for the USB device's port status failed.
- The USB device returned an invalid serial number string.
- The USB set SEL request failed.
- A request for the USB BOS descriptor failed.
- A request for the USB device qualifier descriptor failed.
- A request for the USB serial number string descriptor failed.
- A request for the USB language ID string descriptor failed.
- A request for the USB product description string descriptor failed.
- A request for the Microsoft OS extended configuration descriptor failed.
- A request for the Microsoft OS container ID descriptor failed.
- The USB device returned an invalid USB BOS descriptor.
- The USB device returned an invalid USB device qualifier descriptor.
- The USB device returned an invalid USB language ID string descriptor.
- The USB device returned an invalid Microsoft OS container ID descriptor.
- The USB device returned an invalid Microsoft OS extended configuration descriptor.
- The USB device returned an invalid product description string descriptor.
- The USB device returned an invalid serial number string descriptor.
Related topics
New for USB Drivers
Universal Serial Bus (USB) Drivers